The maintained attention assessment in patients affected by Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a reliable biomarker?

The maintained attention is the cause of great functional limitations in CFS/ME, a disease that mainly affects women in the central period of life. Cognitive function is explored using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the maintained attention using the Toulouse-Piéron test with which the Global Index of Attention and Perception (GIAP) is obtained, the fatigue using the visual analog scale and the perception of effort using the modified Borg scale. The final sample were 84 patients (66 women/18 men) who met diagnostic criteria (Fukuda-1994, Carruthers-2011) and 22 healthy controls (14 women/8 men). Most of patients maintain normal cognitive function, showing low or very low attention score in the 70% of patients with a marked cognitive fatigue compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between genders in GIAP or fatigue for CFS/ME; however, sick women perceive cognitive effort higher than men. Deficits in sustained attention and the perception of fatigue, so effort after performing the proposed test are a sensitive and reliable indicator that allows us to substantiate a clinical suspicion and refer patients for further studies in order to confirm or rule out CFS/ME.

Clinical Heterogeneity in ME/CFS. A Way to Understand Long-COVID19 Fatigue.

The aim of present paper is to identify clinical phenotypes in a cohort of patients affected of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Ninety-one patients and 22 healthy controls were studied with the following questionnaires, in addition to medical history: visual analogical scale for fatigue and pain, DePaul questionnaire (post-exertional malaise, immune, neuroendocrine), Pittsburgh sleep quality index, COMPASS-31 (dysautonomia), Montreal cognitive assessment, Toulouse-Piéron test (attention), Hospital Anxiety and Depression test and Karnofsky scale. Co-morbidities and drugs-intake were also recorded. A hierarchical clustering with clinical results was performed. Final study group was made up of 84 patients, mean age 44.41 ± 9.37 years (66 female/18 male) and 22 controls, mean age 45 ± 13.15 years (14 female/8 male). Patients meet diagnostic criteria of Fukuda-1994 and Carruthers-2011. Clustering analysis identify five phenotypes. Two groups without fibromyalgia were differentiated by various levels of anxiety and depression (13 and 20 patients). The other three groups present fibromyalgia plus a patient without it, but with high scores in pain scale, they were segregated by prevalence of dysautonomia (17), neuroendocrine (15), and immunological affectation (19). Regarding gender, women showed higher scores than men in cognition, pain level and depressive syndrome. Mathematical tools are a suitable approach to objectify some elusive features in order to understand the syndrome. Clustering unveils phenotypes combining fibromyalgia with varying degrees of dysautonomia, neuroendocrine or immune features and absence of fibromyalgia with high or low levels of anxiety-depression. There is no a specific phenotype for women or men.

De la neurastenia a la enfermedad postesfuerzo: evolución de los criterios diagnósticos del síndrome de fatiga crónica/encefalomielitis miálgica / From neurasthenia to post-exertion disease: Evolution of the diagnostic criteria of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis

Presentamos la evolución de la terminología y los criterios diagnósticos para el síndrome de fatiga crónica/encefalomielitis miálgica. Este síndrome es una entidad compleja y controvertida, de etiología desconocida, que aparece en la literatura médica en 1988, si bien desde el siglo XIX se identificaron cuadros clínicos de fatiga crónica idiopática con diferentes nombres, desde neurastenia, neuromiastenia epidémica y encefalomielitis miálgica benigna hasta la actual propuesta de enfermedad de intolerancia al esfuerzo (postesfuerzo). Todos ellos aluden a un estado crónico de fatiga generalizada de naturaleza desconocida, con limitaciones al esfuerzo físico y mental, acompañado de un conjunto de síntomas que comprometen diversos sistemas orgánicos. La Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-10) encuadra este síndrome en el apartado de trastornos neurológicos (G93.3), aunque todavía no se hayan encontrado hallazgos anatomopatológicos que lo clarifiquen. Se han documentado múltiples alteraciones orgánicas, pero no se ha establecido una biología común que aclare los mecanismos que subyacen a esta dolencia. Se enuncia como una disfunción neuroinmunoendocrina, con un diagnóstico exclusivamente clínico y por exclusión. Diversos autores han propuesto incluir el síndrome de fatiga crónica/encefalomielitis miálgica dentro de los síndromes de sensibilidad central, aludiendo a la sensibilización central como el sustrato fisiopatológico común para este síndrome y otros. El papel del médico de familia es clave en la enfermedad, para la detección de aquellos pacientes que presenten una fatiga de naturaleza desconocida que se prolonga de forma continua o intermitente durante más de 6 meses, al objeto de realizar un diagnóstico temprano y establecer un plan de actuación frente a una enfermedad crónica con unos altos niveles de morbilidad en la esfera física y mental. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica de la terminología y criterios diagnósticos del síndrome de fatiga crónica/encefalomielitis miálgica, al objeto de aclarar conceptualmente la enfermedad, como utilidad en el diagnóstico a los médicos de Atención Primaria

Changes in the terminology and diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis are explained in this paper. This syndrome is a complex and controversial entity of unknown origins. It appears in the medical literature in 1988, although clinical pictures of chronic idiopathic fatigue have been identified since the nineteenth century with different names, from neurasthenia, epidemic neuromyasthenia, and benign myalgic encephalomyelitis up to the current proposal of disease of intolerance to effort (post-effort). All of them allude to a chronic state of generalised fatigue of unknown origin, with limitations to physical and mental effort, accompanied by a set of symptoms that compromise diverse organic systems. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) places this syndrome in the section on neurological disorders (G93.3), although histopathological findings have not yet been found to clarify it. Multiple organic alterations have been documented, but a common biology that clarifies the mechanisms underlying this disease has not been established. It is defined as a neuro-immune-endocrine dysfunction, with an exclusively clinical diagnosis and by exclusion. Several authors have proposed to include CFS/ME within central sensitivity syndromes, alluding to central sensitisation as the common pathophysiological substrate for this, and other syndromes. The role of the family doctor is a key figure in the disease, from the detection of those patients who present a fatigue of unknown nature that is continuous or intermittent for more than 6 months, in order to make an early diagnosis and establish a plan of action against a chronic disease with high levels of morbidity in the physical and mental sphere. Objective: To carry out a bibliographic review of the terminology and diagnostic criteria of the chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis, in order to clarify the pathology conceptually, as a usefulness in the diagnosis of Primary Care physicians

[From neurasthenia to post-exertion disease: Evolution of the diagnostic criteria of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis]. / De la neurastenia a la enfermedad postesfuerzo: evolución de los criterios diagnósticos del síndrome de fatiga crónica/encefalomielitis miálgica.

Changes in the terminology and diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis are explained in this paper. This syndrome is a complex and controversial entity of unknown origins. It appears in the medical literature in 1988, although clinical pictures of chronic idiopathic fatigue have been identified since the nineteenth century with different names, from neurasthenia, epidemic neuromyasthenia, and benign myalgic encephalomyelitis up to the current proposal of disease of intolerance to effort (post-effort). All of them allude to a chronic state of generalised fatigue of unknown origin, with limitations to physical and mental effort, accompanied by a set of symptoms that compromise diverse organic systems. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) places this syndrome in the section on neurological disorders (G93.3), although histopathological findings have not yet been found to clarify it. Multiple organic alterations have been documented, but a common biology that clarifies the mechanisms underlying this disease has not been established. It is defined as a neuro-immune-endocrine dysfunction, with an exclusively clinical diagnosis and by exclusion. Several authors have proposed to include CFS/ME within central sensitivity syndromes, alluding to central sensitisation as the common pathophysiological substrate for this, and other syndromes. The role of the family doctor is a key figure in the disease, from the detection of those patients who present a fatigue of unknown nature that is continuous or intermittent for more than 6 months, in order to make an early diagnosis and establish a plan of action against a chronic disease with high levels of morbidity in the physical and mental sphere. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a bibliographic review of the terminology and diagnostic criteria of the chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis, in order to clarify the pathology conceptually, as a usefulness in the diagnosis of Primary Care physicians.

Cambios en la resonancia magnética cerebral asociados al síndrome de fibromialgia / Cerebral magnetic resonance changes associated with fibromyalgia syndrome

El síndrome de fibromialgia es un trastorno crónico, de origen desconocido, cuyos criterios diagnósticos estableció en 1990 el Colegio Americano de Reumatología; en 2010 propuso unos criterios nuevos que aún no están validados. Se caracteriza por dolor musculoesquelético generalizado, crónico, acompañado de fenómenos de hiperalgesia y alodinia, así como otros síntomas y signos, motores, vegetativos, cognitivos y afectivos. Revisamos un conjunto de estudios con resonancia magnética cerebral (morfometría, conectividad y espectroscopia) que refieren alteraciones en áreas de procesamiento del dolor. Se observan cambios en el volumen de la sustancia gris y blanca, así como de los niveles de N-acetilaspartato, colina o glutamato, entre otros metabolitos, en hipocampo, ínsula, corteza prefrontal y cingular, principalmente. Los hallazgos neurorradiológicos son inespecíficos y superponibles a los de otros cuadros de dolor crónico, pero un aumento del tamaño muestral y una metodología estandarizada facilitaría la comparación entre series, permitiendo extraer conclusiones generalizables (AU)

Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease, of unknown origin, whose diagnostic criteria were established in 1990 by the American College of Rheumatology. New criteria were proposed in 2010 that have not yet been validated. It is characterized by a generalized chronic musculoskeletal pain, accompanied by hyperalgesia and allodynia, as well as other motor, vegetative, cognitive and affective symptoms and signs. We have reviewed a set of studies with cerebral magnetic resonance (morphometry, connectivity and spectroscopy) that refer to changes in areas involved in pain processing. Modifications in gray and white matter volume, as well as in levels of N-acetylaspartate, choline or glutamate, among other metabolites, have been observed in the hippocampus, insula, prefrontal and cingular cortex. Neuroradiological findings are nonspecific and similar to those found in other examples of chronic pain. An increase in the sample size and a standardized methodology would facilitate comparison, allowing the drawing of general conclusions (AU)

Cerebral magnetic resonance changes associated with fibromyalgia syndrome. / Cambios en la resonancia magnética cerebral asociados al síndrome de fibromialgia.

Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease, of unknown origin, whose diagnostic criteria were established in 1990 by the American College of Rheumatology. New criteria were proposed in 2010 that have not yet been validated. It is characterized by a generalized chronic musculoskeletal pain, accompanied by hyperalgesia and allodynia, as well as other motor, vegetative, cognitive and affective symptoms and signs. We have reviewed a set of studies with cerebral magnetic resonance (morphometry, connectivity and spectroscopy) that refer to changes in areas involved in pain processing. Modifications in gray and white matter volume, as well as in levels of N-acetylaspartate, choline or glutamate, among other metabolites, have been observed in the hippocampus, insula, prefrontal and cingular cortex. Neuroradiological findings are nonspecific and similar to those found in other examples of chronic pain. An increase in the sample size and a standardized methodology would facilitate comparison, allowing the drawing of general conclusions.